[Biology] Charles Darwin and Natural Selection

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◎ Brief Intro of Charles Darwin & his theory

 

Youtube - Charles Darwin - Prophet of Evolution I THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION by It's history 

 

 

*Charles Robert Darwin, born on Feb. 12 1809 - Shrewsbury in England

*Father was a respected physician

*Unitarianism - Doctrine of the unity of God, nature and mankind - rejection of the trinity

*Edinboro to study medicine to become a doctor like his dad

*Started to study theology to become a priest in 1827 at the Christ's college of Cambridge

*John Stevens Henslow - the professor became his mentor

*The Roya Navy gave Robert Fitzroy the commission to map the entire coastline of South America

*(Although Darwin was not a scientist but a waelthy theologist with scienctistic interest,)

 he got a recommendation from his mentor to join HMS Beagle

*On Dec. 27th 1831 started to travel around the world

*First discovery were fossilized oyster - led him to think of the idea that the earth must be dynamic, and also the biology

*Galapagos Island - observations there helped him form his theory of natural selection

*esp. the shell of Galapagos turtle displayed different patterns

*Animals adapt over long periods of time due their environment

*3000pages/1529 species/3097 skins/12 catalogs

*afraid of the public's reaction to his argument that man was not God's creation

*Nov. 24th 1859 published <On The Origin of Species> inspired by Alfred Russel Wallace's work

*Victorian society was absolutely revolt by the theory

*Died on April 19th 1882

*A century later his theories could be corroboraterd with the help of DNA studies

 

 

 

◎ Natural Selection

Youtube - Natural Selection - Crash Course Biology #14 by CrashCourse

 

 

*Adaptation and relative fitness became the center of Darwin's theory

*Adaptation - animals were ideally shaped to enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environment

*For instance, the variations of beaks in finch - different shapes&size of beaks between mainland and island finch speices

*Fitness - Finches's increased fitness for their environment - their relative ability to survive and reproduce

 

 

*4 Basic principles of  natural selection

1. Variations of Phenotypes - different members of population have all kinds of individaul variations

2. Heritable - many variations are heritable and can be passed onto offsprings

3. The struggle for existence - populations can often have way more offspring than resources

4. Survival & reproduction rates - thoses with favorable traits are more likely to be successful with reproduction

 

*Individual don't evolve, natural selection produces evolutionary change because it changes the genetic composition of entire populations.

*Not just organism's phenotypes(=physical form) changing but its genotype(=essential genetic form) changing

 

*Mode of selection

1. Directional selection

 

2. Stablizing selection

 

 

3. Disrutive Selection

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*Sexual selection

 

*Artificial selection

peda.net